• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Maneuvering and protection means for low-voltage switchgear and low-voltage switchgear incorporating said maneuvering and protection means. The maneuvering and protection means (1) of the present invention, for application in low-voltage switchboards, comprise a casing (9) where it can incorporate at least one circuit breaker (5) with at least two positions, a driving means (6) and a selector means (7), which in the case of a three-position switch (5) allows the transmission of at least three operating positions (connection, cut and/or sectioning and grounding) depending on the displacement of the operating means (6) of two functional positions (C, D) and depending on the position of the selector means (7) of at least two positions (A, B). The maneuvering and protection means (1), integrated inside the casing (9), are installed in a structure (15), which in turn can be installed on the distribution busbar (12) of a switchboard. low voltage. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2763627A1
    申请号:ES201831157
    申请日:2018-11-29
    公开日:2020-05-29
    发明作者:Rodríguez Sergio Barrio；López Severo Aranaga；Zubia Javier Larrieta
    申请人:Ormazabal Corporate Technology AIE；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0002] Maneuvering and protection means for low-voltage panel and low-voltage panel incorporating said maneuvering and protection means
    [0004] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    [0006] The present invention refers to a means of maneuvering and protection that is installed in low-voltage switchboards, where said switchboards are responsible for, once the energy has been converted to the low-voltage range, distribute electrical energy to the different consumers.
    [0008] The maneuvering and protection means of the invention can replace in the low voltage switchboards the well-known fuse-holder base used as protection means. The maneuvering and protection means includes both the protection function and that of isolating the low voltage panel from the supply and / or the grounding function of the busbar set.
    [0010] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0012] Basically, a low voltage panel includes a metallic or insulating enclosure inside which the different electrical components are installed, such as the set of connection bars for the panel, the distribution busbar, the fuse-holder bases, the operating means that comprise the function of isolating the low voltage panel from the power supply and / or the grounding function of the busbar set, as well as the output of auxiliary and measurement circuits.
    [0014] The connection busbar set has the mission of electrically connecting the conductors coming from the medium-voltage / low-voltage transformer with the distribution busbar, the latter's mission being to pass the energy from the connection busbar set to the different fuse bases.
    [0016] The fuse-holder base has the function of protecting the electrical line that hangs from it from overloads and short-circuit currents, that is, its main function is to open the circuit when there is an electrical fault either due to overload or short-circuit. Therefore, due to an electrical fault due to overload or short circuit, the fuse blows and the circuit remains open, leaving the line hanging from said fuse-holder base without voltage. However, Although the fuse is an effective means of protection against overloads and short circuits, this protection means has the drawback regarding the time necessary to restore the voltage in the line affected by the fault, which implies the need to send a qualified operator to the installation where the low voltage panel is located and replace the blown fuse or fuses.
    [0018] The maintenance, repair, replacement or expansion work of the low voltage panel is carried out by interrupting the service of the panel itself beforehand, that is, leaving the low voltage panel out of service, since it is necessary to access parts of the board that are in service in tension, such as the busbar set in an expansion operation, to carry out the interconnection between said busbar set and the bars of the expansion board. To take the low voltage panel out of service, it is necessary to carry out several maneuvers in the installation where the low voltage panel is located. Usually, when a single low-voltage panel is available in the installation, firstly, the medium-voltage / low-voltage transformer must be left without voltage, then perform the sectioning both upstream and downstream of the panel, leaving Thus the panel without power, and then the busbar grounding must be performed.
    [0020] In addition, the low-voltage switchboards comprise an auxiliary or relief connection, which allows the connection of an external auxiliary power supply, such as a generator, commonly used when there is a deficit in the generation of electrical energy from somewhere or when A cut in the electrical supply occurs, thus being able to supply electrical energy to consumers. In some low-voltage switchboards, the auxiliary connection is integrated into the enclosure itself and in other cases it is integrated into the operating medium, which includes the function of isolating the low-voltage switchboard from the power supply. Thus, it is sometimes necessary to connect the external auxiliary power supply to the low-voltage panel, for example, because there is a deficit in the power supply, a load transfer, the need to replace the medium-voltage transformer / low voltage or the need to carry out maintenance or repair work in the facilities where the low voltage panel is located.
    [0022] On these occasions, said connection is made with the panel out of service, that is, before the connection of the external auxiliary power supply, the low-voltage panel is left out of service, for which a means capable of isolate the box low supply network voltage.
    [0024] In relation to the function of isolating the low-voltage switchboard from the power supply and / or the grounding function of the busbar set, it is carried out by means of a sectioning base that is installed at the head of the low-voltage switchboard. as an additional element to the fuse-holder bases. The sectioning base can be assembled by unipolar modules, so that the sectioning base can be bipolar, tripolar or tetrapolar. Each unipolar module is generally made up of a housing that partially houses one or more input plates and one or more output plates inside, which, through their free ends, are respectively connected to the power supply and to the panel distribution busbars. low voltage. Inside the housing there are also some coupling or uncoupling means, usually metal blades, which are coupled (disconnector closed) or uncoupled (open disconnector) with respect to the other end (inside the housing) of the plates input and output to isolate (disconnector open) or connect (disconnector closed) the low voltage panel of the power supply. As an example of the state of the art, patent ES2277729B1 can be cited. This sectioning base refers to a vertical four-pole base with an upper or lower connection, and forms an interchangeable unit for its assembly in low voltage panels. Specifically, this sectioning base incorporates an insulating casing inside which a vertical four-pole disconnector is housed, the input plates of which consist of conductive bars that extend until they protrude through the upper or lower part of the casing for connection to the power supply. of the low voltage panel.
    [0026] However, the addition of the sectioning base to the low-voltage panel supposes the disadvantage that the panel must have anchorages for its support, electrical connection points, etc., all of which implies greater dimensions of the panel, which affect both the transport of the same as in the space for its location. In addition, it involves more assembly work, such as the need to make more electrical connections and therefore increasing the risk or probability of making poor connections, poor tightening, etc.
    [0028] The aforementioned low-voltage switchboards of the state of the art include fuse-holder bases, which have the function of protecting the electrical line against overloads and short-circuits, and sectioning bases to isolate the low-voltage switchboard from the power supply and / or function. of the busbar set. The need to have both elements in order to fulfill these functions supposes the disadvantage that the low voltage panel acquires such dimensions that in some locations it does not have enough space for its installation.
    [0030] Furthermore, in order for the low-voltage panel to have a degree of protection against accidental contact to live parts and to be a safe panel for operators, additional measures are necessary, such as the placement of intermediate barriers, doors with locks, etc. to avoid direct access to the connection bars, the disconnector and the input plates.
    [0032] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0034] The maneuvering and protection means object of the invention aims to solve each and every one of the problems mentioned above. Said means of maneuver and protection is applicable to low voltage switchboards that include, at least, a set of connection bars, a busbar for distribution, an auxiliary connection, outputs of auxiliary and measurement circuits, etc.
    [0036] The maneuvering and protection means comprise the protection function against electrical faults due to overloads and short circuits, as well as the function of isolating the low-voltage panel from the supply and / or the grounding function of the busbar set . In this way, by means of a single element, that is to say, by means of the maneuver and protection, it is allowed to carry out both functions instead of using one element to perform each of the functions, thus obtaining a more compact low voltage panel and avoiding space problems for your installation.
    [0038] In this sense, the maneuvering and protection means comprise at least one switch with at least two positions (connection, cut and / or disconnection), provided with a fixed contact and a mobile contact. This means of maneuvering and protection comprises an automatic switch, which can be two-position vacuum and which can be maneuvered both locally and remotely and which has the ability to cut electrical currents due to overloads and short circuits, as well as open nominal currents or load, as established in the standard IEC 60947-2: 2006 in its part 2 for circuit breakers, also known by their Anglo-Saxon expression "circuit breakers". The means of maneuver and protection also includes at least one actuation means, such as a two-position actuator, provided with a first functional position and a second one functional position, so that depending on the position of the actuator the switch will perform the connection function or the cut and / or disconnection function, thus fulfilling the functions of protection against electrical faults due to overloads and short circuits, as well as isolating the Low voltage supply box.
    [0040] The possibility has been contemplated that the circuit breaker may comprise three positions (connection, cut and / or sectioning and grounding), such as for example a three position vacuum circuit breaker that can be maneuvered both locally and remotely and It has the ability to cut electrical currents due to overloads and short circuits, as well as to open nominal or load currents, as established in the standard IEC 60947-2: 2006 in its part 2 for circuit breakers, also known as its Anglo-Saxon expression "circuit breakers". In this case, the maneuvering and protection means comprise a selector means of at least two positions, which allows selecting a first position or a second position manually or motorized, this selector means being associated with an actuation means comprising an actuator provided with a first functional position and a second functional position.
    [0042] Maintaining the selector means in its first position, the movement of the actuator from its first functional position to its second functional position causes the moving contact of the switch to move to the switch-on position. Starting from this connection position and keeping the selector means in its first position, moving the actuator to its first functional position moves the mobile contact of the switch towards the cut-off and / or disconnection position and therefore said mobile contact goes into position cutting and / or sectioning maneuver.
    [0044] On the other hand, keeping the selector means in its second position, the movement of the actuator from its first functional position to its second functional position displaces the moving contact of the switch to the grounding maneuvering position. Likewise, starting from this earthing position, keeping the selector means in its second position and moving the actuator to its first functional position, the mobile contact of the switch moves and goes to the cut and / or disconnection maneuver position.
    [0046] The switch of the maneuvering and protection means object of the invention, such as a vacuum circuit breaker, can replace the fuses used in the state of technique and thus avoids the need to replace blown fuses whenever there is an electrical fault due to an overload or short circuit. Furthermore, due to the possibility that the maneuvering and protection means of the invention can be remotely maneuvered, the need to send a qualified operator to the installation where the low voltage panel is located to restore service after clearing is avoided. an electrical fault.
    [0048] Likewise, the maneuvering and protection means allow the low-voltage panel to be taken out of service in an easy, fast and safe way for cases in which maintenance, repair, replacement or expansion of the low-voltage panel must be carried out, or when it is necessary to connect an external auxiliary power supply due to a deficit in the power supply, a load transfer, the need to replace the medium-voltage / low-voltage transformer or the need to carry out maintenance work or repair in the facilities where the low voltage panel is located.
    [0050] The fuse-holder bases of a low-voltage panel installed in the field can be replaced in whole or in part by means of maneuvering and protection such as that of the present invention. This retrofitting of the bases is possible because the new means of maneuver and protection includes dimensions and technical characteristics such that it can be installed in the same hole as a fuse-holder base without having to modify any part of the low-voltage panel.
    [0052] The maneuvering and protection means comprise a housing that incorporates inside it the actuation means, the selector means and the switch. Likewise, it comprises at least one input plate and one output plate partially incorporated in the housing, said plates being able to be electrically connected with the distribution busbar and with the bypass conductors external to the housing. The connection between the input plates and the distribution busbar and the connection between the output plates and the bypass conductors can be of the plug-in, screw-in type or of any other type. The input plate is connected to the fixed contact of the switch and the output plate is connected to the moving contact of the same switch by means of an elastic conductor.
    [0054] The maneuvering and protection means further comprises a structure that can accommodate at least one housing provided with at least said actuating means and said switch, each housing of the maneuvering and protection means coupled in said structure to through mechanical fixing tabs comprising both the structure and the casing. This casing can comprise a handle that facilitates its manual or automated coupling / uncoupling with respect to the structure, this coupling / uncoupling can be carried out with the low voltage panel in service. The structure includes a mechanical protection that prevents contact with the distribution busbar and with the bypass conductors once the housing is decoupled from said structure, thus providing protection for people against access to dangerous parts and protection of the material against the harmful effects of mechanical impacts. Finally, it has been provided that the housing of the maneuvering and protection means can comprise a pluggable connection through which the actuator can be powered when said housing is coupled to the structure.
    [0056] DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    [0058] Figure 1.- Shows a schematic diagram of the maneuvering and protection means according to a first preferred embodiment, where the switch is in two positions, and where the movement of the actuator to its second position causes the moving contact of the switch to move to the position connection maneuver.
    [0060] Figure 2.- Shows a schematic diagram of the maneuvering and protection means according to the embodiment of figure 1, where the switch is in two positions, and where the movement of the actuator to its first position causes the moving contact of the switch to move to the cutting and / or sectioning maneuver position.
    [0062] Figure 3.- Shows a schematic diagram of the maneuvering and protection means of the invention according to a second preferred embodiment, where the switch is in the earthing position.
    [0064] Figure 4.- Shows a schematic diagram of the maneuvering and protection means of figure 3 where the switch is in the cut-off and / or sectioning position, having started from the grounding position.
    [0066] Figure 5.- Shows a schematic diagram of the maneuvering and protection means of figure 3 where the switch is in the connection position.
    [0068] Figure 6.- Shows a schematic diagram of the means of maneuver and protection of the Figure 3 where the switch is in the cut and / or disconnected position, having started from the connection position.
    [0070] Figure 7.- Shows a perspective view of the housing comprising the maneuvering and protection means and its connection with the distribution busbar and the bypass conductors according to the first and second preferred embodiments.
    [0072] Figure 8.- Shows a perspective view of a set of housings for the maneuvering and protection means mounted on the structure, which in turn is mounted on the low-voltage panel according to the first and second preferred embodiments.
    [0074] Figure 9.- Shows a perspective view of the structure where the housings of the maneuvering and protection means are mounted according to the first and second preferred embodiments.
    [0076] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    [0078] Various preferred embodiment examples are described below with reference to the aforementioned figures, without this limiting or reducing the scope of protection of the present invention.
    [0080] The maneuvering and protection means (1) of Figures 1 and 2 correspond to a first embodiment of the invention, wherein said maneuvering and protection means (1) comprises at least a two-position circuit breaker (5), connection - cutting and / or sectioning, such as an automatic vacuum switch. Likewise, the maneuvering and protection means (1) comprise at least one actuating means (6) that comprises a two-position actuator, provided with a first functional position (C) and a second functional position (D). This actuation means (6) is associated with the automatic switch (5) so that the displacement of the actuator from its first functional position (C) to its second functional position (D) or vice versa causes the displacement of a moving contact (8 ) of the circuit breaker (5), leading said moving contact (8) to connect with a fixed contact (13) of the switch (5) (position of connection of the circuit breaker (5)) or leading to said moving contact (8) to be separated from the fixed contact (13) (cut-off and / or disconnection position of the circuit-breaker (5)). In this sense, figure 1 corresponds to the connection position of the automatic switch (5) and figure 2 corresponds to the cut-off and / or sectioning position of the automatic switch (5). These circuit breaker maneuvers (5) can be ordered and executed both locally and remotely.
    [0082] As shown in Figures 1, 2, 7 and 8, the maneuvering and protection means (1) comprise a housing (9) in which the actuating means (6) and the automatic switch (5) are incorporated. . Likewise, the maneuvering and protection means (1) comprise at least one input plate (10) and one output plate (11) partially incorporated in the casing (9), said plates (10, 11) being able to be electrically connected to the distribution busbar (12) and with the bypass conductors (19) respectively, externally to the casing (9). The connection between the input plates (10) and the distribution busbar (12) and the connection between the output plates (11) and the bypass conductors (19) can be of the plug-in type as shown in the figure 7, screwable or any other type. The input plate (10) is connected to the fixed contact (13) of the circuit breaker (5) and the output plate (11) is connected to the mobile contact (8) of the same circuit breaker (5) by means of an elastic conductor (14).
    [0084] On the other hand, in this first embodiment of the invention, provision has also been made for the maneuvering and protection means (1) to comprise a structure (15), which can accommodate at least one casing (9) provided with at least said means actuation (6) and said automatic switch (5), each casing (9) of the maneuvering and protection means (1) coupled to said structure (15) through tabs (16) of mechanical fixation comprising both the structure (15) like the casing (9), as shown in Figures 7 and 9. In addition, the casing (9) can comprise a handle (20) that facilitates its manual or automated coupling / uncoupling with respect to the structure (15), as shown in Figures 7 and 8, being able to carry out this coupling / decoupling with the low voltage panel in service. The structure (15) comprises a mechanical protection (21) that prevents contact with the distribution busbar (12) and with the bypass conductors (19) once the housing (9) is decoupled from said structure (15), such and as shown in figure 9. Finally, it has been provided that the housing (9) of the maneuvering and protection means (1) can comprise a pluggable connection (17) through which the actuator (6) can be powered when said housing (9) is coupled to structure (15), as shown in figure 7.
    [0086] In a second embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6, the maneuvering and protection means (1) comprise at least a three-position circuit breaker (5) (connection, cut and / or sectioning and grounding), such as a Three position vacuum circuit breaker (5) that can be maneuvered both locally and remotely. The maneuvering and protection means (1) comprise a selector means (7) of at least two positions, which allows selecting a first position (A) or a second position (B) manually or motorized, this selector means (7) being ) associated with an actuation means (6) which may comprise for example an actuator provided with a first functional position (C) and a second functional position (D).
    [0088] Keeping the selector means (7) in its first position (A), the movement of the actuator (6) from its first functional position (C) to its second functional position (D) causes a moving contact (8) of the automatic switch to move ( 5) to the connection maneuvering position, as shown in figure 5. Starting from this connection position and keeping the selector means (7) in its first position (A), moving the actuator (6) to its First functional position (C) moves the mobile contact (8) of the circuit breaker (5) towards the cut and / or disconnection position and therefore said mobile contact (8) goes to the cut and / or disconnection maneuver position , as shown in figure 6. On the other hand, keeping the selector means (7) in its second position (B), the displacement of the actuator (6) from its first functional position (C) to its second functional position (D) moves the moving contact (8) of the circuit breaker (5) to the position grounding maneuver, as shown in figure 3. Also, starting from this grounding position, keeping the selector means (7) in its second position (B) and moving the actuator (6) to In its first functional position (C), the mobile contact (8) of the circuit breaker (5) moves and goes to the cut and / or disconnection maneuvering position, as shown in Figure 4.
    [0090] As in the first embodiment, in this second embodiment the maneuvering and protection means (1) also comprise a housing (9) in which the automatic switch (5), the actuating means (6) and the means are incorporated. selector (7), as shown in Figures 3-6. Likewise, the maneuvering and protection means (1) comprise at least one input plate (10) and one output plate (11) partially incorporated in the casing (9), said plates (10, 11) being able to be electrically connected to the distribution busbar (12) and with the bypass conductors (19), respectively, external to the casing (9). The connection between the input plates (10) and the distribution busbar (12) and the connection between the output plates (11) and the bypass conductors (19) can be of the plug-in type as shown in the figure 7, screwable or any other type. The input plate (10) is attached to the contact fixed (13) of the automatic switch (5) and the output plate (11) is connected to the mobile contact (8) of the same automatic switch (5) by means of an elastic conductor (14).
    [0092] In this second embodiment, as can be seen in Figures 7 and 8, the maneuvering and protection means (1) can comprise a structure (15), which can accommodate at least one casing (9) provided with at least said driving means (6), selector means (7) and automatic switch (5), each casing (9) of the maneuvering and protection means (1) coupled to said structure (15) through tabs (16) mechanical fixing that includes both the structure (15) and the casing (9). Furthermore, the casing (9) can comprise a handle (20) that facilitates its manual or automated coupling / uncoupling with respect to the structure (15), this coupling / uncoupling being able to be carried out with the low voltage panel in service. The structure (15) can comprise a mechanical protection (21) that prevents contact with the distribution busbar (12) and with the bypass conductors (19) once the housing (9) is decoupled from said structure (15), as shown in figure 9. Finally, it has been provided that the housing (9) of the maneuvering and protection means (1) can comprise a pluggable connection (17) through which the actuator (6) can be powered when said casing (9) is coupled to the structure (15), as shown in figure 7.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    1. - Maneuvering and protection means (1) for low voltage panel, characterized in that it comprises:
    - at least one switch (5) with at least two positions;
    - a driving means (6); and
    - a casing (9) in which the switch (5) and the actuating means (6) are incorporated inside
    where the switch (5) is an automatic switch with the capacity to cut both currents due to overloads and short circuits as well as nominal or load currents.
    [2]
    2. - Maneuver and protection means (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the automatic switch (5) comprises a vacuum automatic switch that can be maneuvered both locally and remotely.
    [3]
    3. - Maneuvering and protection means (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the automatic switch (5) comprises a three-position vacuum circuit breaker, connection, cut and / or sectioning and grounding.
    [4]
    4. - Maneuvering and protection means (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a selector means (7) of at least two positions, with a first position A or a second position B being able to be selected manually or motorized.
    [5]
    5. - Maneuvering and protection means (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the selector means (7) is associated with the actuating means (6) which comprises an actuator provided with a first functional position C and a second functional position D.
    [6]
    6. - Maneuver and protection means (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the actuation means (6), the selector means (7) and the switch (5) are incorporated inside the casing (9) .
    [7]
    7. - Maneuvering and protection means (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises at least one input plate (10) and one output plate (11) partially incorporated in the casing (9), said plates (10, 11) capable of being electrically connected to the distribution busbar (12) and to conductors of branch (19) externally to the casing (9).
    [8]
    8. - Maneuvering and protection means (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the electrical connection between the input plate (10) and the distribution busbar (12) and the electrical connection between the output plate (11) and the bypass conductors (19) are of the plug-in or screw-type type.
    [9]
    9. - Maneuvering and protection means (1) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the input plate (10) is connected to a fixed contact (13) of the switch (5) and the output plate (11) it is connected to the mobile contact (8) by means of an elastic conductor (14).
    [10]
    10. - Maneuvering and protection means (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (9) comprises a pluggable connection (17) for supplying the actuator (6).
    [11]
    11. - Maneuvering and protection means (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (9) comprises at least one coupling / uncoupling handle (20).
    [12]
    12. - Low voltage panel comprising at least one means of maneuvering and protection (1) as described in any of the preceding claims, which also comprises at least one set of connection bars (2), a distribution busbar ( 12), at least one measuring means (3), at least one auxiliary connection (18) and at least one output of auxiliary circuits (4), characterized in that it also comprises a structure (15) on which at least one maneuvering and protection means (1)
    [13]
    13. - Low-voltage panel according to claim 12, characterized in that the structure (15) comprises flanges (16) for mechanical fixing to other corresponding flanges (16) with which each means of maneuver and protection (1) has. .
    [14]
    14. - Low-voltage panel according to claim 13, characterized in that the structure (15) comprises a mechanical protection (21) that prevents contact with the distribution busbar (12) and with the bypass conductors (19) once it is decoupled. the casing (9) with respect to said structure (15).
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    同族专利:
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    2020-05-29| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2763627 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20200529 |
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    ES201831157A|ES2763627B2|2018-11-29|2018-11-29|Means of maneuvering and protection for low voltage switchgear and low voltage switchgear incorporating said means of maneuvering and protection|ES201831157A| ES2763627B2|2018-11-29|2018-11-29|Means of maneuvering and protection for low voltage switchgear and low voltage switchgear incorporating said means of maneuvering and protection|
    PCT/ES2019/070803| WO2020109640A1|2018-11-29|2019-11-26|Switching and protection means for low-voltage switchboard and low-voltage switchboard incorporating said switching and protection means|
    EP19842783.3A| EP3889984A1|2018-11-29|2019-11-26|Switching and protection means for low-voltage switchboard and low-voltage switchboard incorporating said switching and protection means|
    CN201980078465.XA| CN113168981A|2018-11-29|2019-11-26|Switch and protection device of low-voltage board and low-voltage board comprising switch and protection device|
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